The Relationship Between Vocational Self-Concept, Ego-Identity Development, and Vocational Decision-Making
Keywords:
relationship, self-concept, ego-identity, decision-making, university, post-secondary, studentsAbstract
Occupational decisionmaking is an ongoing concern with university students and knowing what developmental tasks facilitate the process can make this particular problemsolving task easier. The present study explored the connection between vocational self-concepts, ego-identity and career indecision. Participants (N=202) were university students enrolled in an Introductory Psychology class. Correlational and regression analyses revealed a strong negative relationship between vocational self-concept crystallization and occupational indecision and a more moderate negative relationship between advanced identity status and career indecision. These results make a case for the importance of a vocational identity in the developmental and career decision-making process. Limitations and implications for future research and practice are discussed.
References
Adams, G., Bennion, I., & Huh, K. (1989). Objective measure of Ego Identity Status: A reference manual. Unpublished manuscript, University of Guelph.
Adams, G. R., Ryan, J. H., Hoff man, J. J., Dobson, W R., & Nielson, E. C. (1985). Ego-identity status, conformity behavior and personality in late adolescence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47, 1091-1104.
Adamson, L. Hartman, S. G., & Lyxell, B. (1999). Adolescent identity – a qualitative approach: Self-concept, existential questions and adult contacts. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 40, 21-31.
Barrett, T. C., & Tinsley, H. E. A. (1977). Measuring vocational self-concept crystallization. Journal of Vocational Behaviour, 11, 305-313.
Blustein, D. L., Devenis, L. E., & Kidney, B. A. (1989). Relationship between the identity formation process and career development. Journal of Counselling Psychology, 36(2), 196-202.
Boyes, M. C., & Chandler, M. (1992). Cognitive development, epistemic doubt, and identity formation during adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 21, 277-
Cabral, A. C., & Salomone, P. R. (1990). Chance and careers: Normative versus contextual development. The Career Development Quarterly, 39(1), 5-17.
Chickering, A. W., & Reisser, L. (1993). Education and identity. San Francisco: JosseyBass.
Cohen, C. R., Chartrand, J. M., & Jowdy, D. P. (1995). Relationship between career indecision subtypes and ego identity development. Journal of Counselling Psychology, 42(4), 440-447.
Conroy, C. A. (1997). Influences on career choice of rural youth and resulting implications for career development programming: When job awareness and exploration are not enough. Journal of Vocational Education Research, 22(1), 3-19.
Cote, J. E., & Levine, C. (1988). A critical examination of the ego identity status paradigm. Developmental Review, 8, 147-184.
DiRusso, L., Carney, J. V., & Bryan, B. (1995). Psychological type of education majors and career decisiveness. Journal of Psychological Type, 32, 36-42.
Erikson, E. (1956). The problem of ego identity. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 4, 56-121.
Erikson, E. (1968). Identity: Youth and Crisis. New York: Norton
Gordon, L. & Meyer, J. C. (2002). Career indecision among prospective university students. South African Journal of Psychology, 32(4), 41-47.
Greene, M. (2006). Helping build lives: Career and life development of gifted and talented students. Professional School Counselling 10(1), 34-42.
Grotevant, H. D., & Thorbecke, W. L. (1982). Sex differences in styles of occupational identity formation in late adolescence. Developmental Psychology, 18(3), 396-405.
Hannigan, T. P. (2001). The effect of work abroad experiences on career development for U.S. undergraduates. Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, 7, 1-14.
Hargrove, B. K., Creagh, M. G., & Burgess, B. L. (2002). Family interaction patterns as predictors of vocational identity and career decision-making self-efficacy. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 61, 185- 201.
Harren, V. A. (1979). A model of career decision making for college students. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 14, 119- 133.
Hart, D. & Fegley, S. (1997). Children’s self-awareness and self-understanding in cultural context. In U. Neisser & D. A. Jopling (Eds.), The conceptual self in context. Culture, experience, self-understanding. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Healey, C. C. (1991). Exploring a path linking anxiety, career maturity, grade point average, and life satisfaction in a community college population. Journal of College Student Development, 32, 207-211.
Jarvis, P. S. (2002). Formula for success in career building. The Canadian Journal of Career Development, 1(1), 40-44.
Johnson, P., Nichols, C. N., Buboltz, W. C., & Riedesel, B. (2002). Assessing a holistic trait and factor approach to career development of college students. Journal of College Counselling, 5(1), 4-14.
Kelly, K. R., & Lee, W. (2002). Mapping the domain of career decision problems. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 61, 302-326.
Klaczynski, P. A., Fauth, J. M., & Swanger, A. (1998). Adolescent identity: Rational versus experiential processing, formal operations, and critical thinking beliefs. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 27(2), 185-207.
Klaczynski, P. A., & Lavallee, K. L. (2005). Domain-specific identity, epistemic regulation, and intellectual ability as predictors of belief biased reasoning: A dual process perspective. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 92, 1-24.
Krumboltz, J. D. & Worthington, R. L. (1999). The school-to work transition from a learning theory perspective. The Career Development Quarterly, 47(4), 312-325.
Landine, Jeffrey. (January, 2004). Using the episodes in our past effectively. Proceedings of the National Consultation on Career Development (NATCON), Ottawa, ON.
Lucas, M. (1997). Identity development, career development, and psychological separation from parents: similarities and differences between men and women. Journal of Counselling Psychology, 44(2), 123-132.
Marcia, J. E. (1966). Development and validation of ego identity status. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 3(5), 551-558.
Marcia, J. E. (1980). Identity in adolescence. In J. Adelson (Ed.), Handbook of adolescent psychology, (pp. 159-187). New York: Wiley.
Marco, C. D., Hartung, P. J., Newman, I., & Parr, P. (2003). Validity of the decisional process inventory. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 63, 1-19.
McAuliffe, G. J., Pickering, J.W., & Calliotte, J. A. (1991). Identifying critical internal barriers to effective career decision-making among college students. Unpublished manuscript, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia.
Morgan, T., & Ness, D. (2003). Career decision-making difficulties of first-year students. The Canadian Journal of Career Development, 2(1), 33-39.
Nauta, M. M., & Kahn, J. H. (2007). Identity status, consistency and differentiation of interests, and career decision self-efficacy. Journal of Career assessment, 15(1), 55-65.
Newman, J. L., Gray, E. A., & Fuqua, D. R. (1999). The relation of career indecision to personality dimensions of the California Psychological Inventory. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 54, 174-187.
Osipow, S. (1987). Career decision scale manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
Osipow, S. (1999). Assessing career indecision. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 55, 147-54.
Osipow, S., Carney, C., & Barak, A. (1976). A scale of educational-vocational undecidedness: A typological approach. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 9, 233-243.
Osipow, S., Carney, C., Winer, J., Yanico, B., & Koschier, M. (1976). The Career Decision Scale. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
Patton, W., & Creed, P. A. (2001). Developmental issues in career maturity and career decision status. The Career Development Quarterly, 49, 336-351.
Peterson, G., Sampson, J., & Reardon, R. (1991). Career development and services: A cognitive approach. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole.
Poe, R. E. (1991). Developmental changes in vocational identity among college students. Journal of College Student Development, 32, 249-252.
Sampson, J. P., Lenz, J. G., Rear don, R. C., & Peterson, G. W. (1999). A cognitive information processing approach to employment problem solving and decision
making. The Career Development Quarterly, 48(1), 3-18.
Sampson, J. P., Peterson, G. W., Reardon, R. C., & Lenz, J. G. (2000). Using readiness assessment to improve career services: A cognitive information-processing approach. The Career Development Quarterly, 49, 146-174.
Saunders, D. E., Peterson, G. W., Sampson, J. P., & Reardon, R. C. (2000). Relation of depression and dysfunctional career thinking to career indecision. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 56, 288-298.
Savickas, M. L. (1984). Career maturity: Construct and its measurement. Vocational Guidance Quarterly, June, 222-231.
Savickas, M. L. (1999). The transition from school to work: A developmental perspective. The Career Development Quarterly, 47, 26-336.
Savickas, M. L. (2011). Career counselling. Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association.
Schacter, D. L. (1996). Searching for memory: The brain, the mind, and the past. New York, NY: Basic Books.
Schwartz, S. J. (2004). Brief report: Construct validity of two identity status measures: the EIPQ and the EOM-EISII. Journal of Adolescence, 27, 477-483.
Siegler, R. S. (1998). Children’s thinking. (3rd ed.). Chapter 7. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Skorikov, V. B., & Vondracek, F. W. (1998). Vocational identity development: Its relationship to other identity domains and to overall identity development. Journal of
Career Assessment, 6(1), 13-35.
Super, D. (1980). A life-span, life-space approach to career development. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 13, 282-298.
Super, D. E., Savickas, M. L., & Super, C. M. (1996). The lifespan, life-space approach to careers. In D. Brown & L. Brooks (Eds), Career Choice and Development (3rd ed. pp. 121-178). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Super, D., Starishevsky, R., Matlin, N., & Jordaan, J. (1963). Career development: Self-concept theory. (CEEB Research Monograph No.4). New York: College Entrance
Examination Board.
Symes, B. & Stewart, J. (1999). The relationship between metacognition and vocational indecision. Canadian Journal of Counselling, 33, 195 - 211.
Taylor, M. S. (1985). The roles of occupational knowledge and vocational self-concept crystallization in students’ school-to-work transition. Journal of Counselling Psychology, 32(4), 539-550.
Taylor, M. S. (1988). Effects of college internships on individual participants. Journal of Applied Psychology, 73(3), 393-401.
Tinsley, H. E. A., Bowman, S. L., & York, D. C. (1989). Career decision scale, my vocational situation, vocational rating scale, and decisional rating scale. Do they
measure the same constructs? Journal of Counselling Psychology, 36(1), 115-120.
Tokar, D. M., Hall, R. J., & Moradi, B. (2003). Planting a tree while envisioning the forest – the recursive relation between theory and research: Reply to Blustein (2003). Journal of Counselling Psychology, 50(1), 24-27.
Tokar, D. M., Withrow, J. R., Hall, R. J., & Moradi, B. (2003). Psychological separation, attachment security vocational self-concept crystallization, and career indecision. A structural equation analysis. Journal of Counselling Psychology, 50(1), 3-19.
Vondracek, F. W., Hostetler, M., Schulenberg, J. E., & Shimizu, K. (1990). Dimensions of career indecision. Journal of Counselling Psychology, 37(1), 98-106.
Vondracek, F. W., Schulenberg, J., Skorikov, V., Gillespie, L. K., & Walheim, C. (1995). The relationship of identity status to career indecision during adolescence. Journal of Adolescence, 18, 17-29.
Vondracek, F. W., Silbereisen R. K., Reitzle M., & Wiesner, M. (1999). Vocational preference of early adolescents: Their development in social context. Journal of
Adolescent Research, 14(3), 267-288.
Wallace-Broscious, A., Serafica, F. C, and Osipow, S. H. (1994). Adolescent career development: Relationships to self-concept and identity status. Journal of Research on Adolescents, 4, 127-149.
Zagora, M. A., & Cramer, S. H. (1994). The effects of vocational identity status on outcomes of career decision making intervention for community college students.
Journal of College Student Development, 35, 239-247.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.