Synchronicity Learning Theory: Happenstance Learning Theory Re-envisioned

Authors

  • Janet Payne UPEI & PEI Career Development Services

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.53379/cjcd.2024.391

Keywords:

Synchronicity, Synchronicity Learning Theory, Happenstance Learning Theory, Career Counselling, Search for Life Meaning, Intuition, New Career Theory

Abstract

The purpose of this study is twofold: firstly, to listen for elements of Krumboltz’s (2009) Happenstance Learning Theory (HLT) within the stories of six women, including risk, curiosity, optimism, flexibility, and persistence; and secondly, to determine whether these women frame their stories within a worldview that values other ways of knowing, such as intuition. Women have been selected because they are at least fifty years old and have acquired the embodied wisdom that results from years of lived experience. Their stories have potential to contribute women’s voices to inform a new model of career counselling which re-envisions HLT, where an exploration of worldview is considered part of the conversation around meaningful happenstance, called synchronicity. Counsellors may offer this new approach, named Synchronicity Learning Theory (SLT), in order to encourage an awareness of synchronistic experiences that help guide decision making within an interconnected and interdependent world. Using a narrative inquiry design, in-depth interviews were recorded and verbatim transcriptions were woven together in a storied form that includes six main themes that help inform SLT: 1) risk; 2) boundaries; 3) community; 4) seasons; 5) flux; and 6) synchronicity. Implications for future research, career theory development, and counselling practice are discussed.

References

Achterbergh, L., et al. (2020). The experience of loneliness among young people with depression: A qualitative meta-synthesis of the literature. BMC Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-020-02818-3

Attig, S., Schwartz, G., Figueredo, A., Jacobs, W., & Bryson, K. (2011). Coincidences, intuition, and spirituality. Psychiatric Annals, 41. https://doi.org/10.3928/00485713-20111104-08

Beitman, B. (2022) Meaningful coincidences: How and why synchronicity and serendipity happen. Inner Traditions.

Beitman, B. (2016). Connecting with coincidence: The new science for using synchronicity and serendipity in your life. Health Communications, Inc.

Belenky, M. F., Clinchy, B. M., Goldberger, N. R., & Tarule, J. M. (1986). Women’s ways of knowing: The development of self, voice, and mind (Vol. 15). Basic Books.

Bolen, J.S. (2004). Goddess in everywoman: Powerful archetypes in women’s lives. Harper-Collins Publishers.

Bolen, J. S. (1999). The millionth circle: How to change ourselves and the world: The essential guide to women’s circles. Conari Press.

Bolen, J.S. (1993). Synchronicity and the Tao: Mysticism, metaphor, morphic fields, and the quest for meaning. Re Vision, 16(1), 8-14.

Briggs, K. C. (1944). The Briggs-Myers Type Indicator handbook part 1.

Brown, B. (2012). The power of vulnerability: Teachings on Authenticity, connection, and courage. Random House.

Buber, M. (2008). I and thou. In R.C. Solomon, (1974). Existentialism (pp. 305-314). Random House.

Clandinin, D.J. (2016). Engaging in narrative inquiry. Routledge.

Clandinin, D.J., & Connelly, F.M. (2006). Narrative inquiry. In J.L. Green, G. Camilli, P. Ellmore (Eds.), Handbook of complementary methods in educational research (3rd ed., pp.447-487). Lawrence Erlbaum.

Coleman, S. L., Beitman, B. D., & Celebi, E. (2009). Weird coincidences commonly occur. Psychiatric Annals, 39(5), 265–270. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.3928/00485713-20090421-03

Connolly, A. (2015). Bridging the reductive and the synthetic: Some reflections on the clinical implications of synchronicity. Journal of Analytical Psychology, 60(2), 159–178. https://doi-org.proxy.library.upei.ca/10.1111/1468-5922.12142

Creswell, J. W. (2006). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Sage.

Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1990). Flow: The psychology of optimal experience. Harper and Row.

Derrida, J. (2005). The principle of hospitality. Parallax, 11(1), 6-9. https://doi.org/10.1080/1353464052000321056

Erikson, Erik H. (Erik Homburger), 1902-1994. (2000). The Erik Erikson Reader.

Freeman, M. (2015). Who is Amos? On the possibilities – and limits – of narrative analysis. Narrative Works, (1).

Freire, P. (1970). Pedagogy of the oppressed. Seabury Press.

Hawking, S. (2010). The grand design. Random House.

Jung, C. G. (2010). Synchronicity: An acausal connecting principle. (From Vol. 8 of the collected works of C.G. Jung) (New in Paper) (Vol. 30). Princeton University Press. (Original work published in 1952)

Jung, C. G. (1971) Psychological types. (Vol. 6). Trans. by H.G. Barnes. Princeton University Press. (Original work published in 1921)

Kegley, J. A. (2018). Forgetting and remembering history: Memory and self-identity. The life of reason in an age of terrorism. Brill. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004363311_002

Kimmerer, R. (2013). Braiding sweetgrass: Indigenous wisdom, scientific knowledge and the teachings of plants. Milkweed Editions.

Krumboltz, J. (2009). The Happenstance learning theory. Journal of Career Assessment, 17(2), 135-155. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072708328861

Krumboltz, J., Foley, P.F., & Cotter, E.W. (2013). Applying Happenstance Learning Theory to involuntary career transitions. The Career Development Quarterly, 61, 15- 26.

Leggo, C. (2008). Narrative inquiry: Attending to the art of discourse. Language and Literacy, 10, 1-21. https://doi.org/10.20360/G2SG6Q

Marnocha, S.K., Bergstrom, M., & Dempsey, L.F. (2011). The lived experience of perimenopause and menopause. Contemporary Nurse, 37(2), 229-240.

McVeigh, M. J. (2017). The light within the light: An exploration of the role of Anam Ċara in Irish Celtic spiritualty and its application to 21st-century therapy. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy, 38(1), 61–71. https://doi.org/10.1002/anzf.1204

Mitchell, L., Levin, S., & Krumboltz, J. (1999). Planned happenstance: Constructing unexpected career opportunities. Journal of Counseling and Development, 77(2), 115-124.

Morrison, B. A. (2016). You are here: Finding the feminine energy that cultivates community. Communities, (170), 28.

McMahon, M., & Patton, W. (2006). The systems theory framework: A conceptual and practical map for career counselling. In Career Counselling (pp. 108-123). Routledge.

Oliver, M. (2012). House of Light. Beacon Press.

Payne, J. R. (2023). Woven threads of synchronicity within the stories of wise women: a narrative inquiry. Charlottetown, PE: University of Prince Edward Island. https://islandscholar.ca/islandora/object/ir:25346/datastream/PDF/download/citation.pdf

Payerle, M. (2016). The croning ceremony. The Journal of Traditional Beliefs, 3(11), 1-7.

Rankin, A., Swearingen-Stanborough, C., Granger, D A., & Byrd-Craven J. (2018). The role of co-rumination and adrenocortical attunement in young women’s close friendships. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 98, 61-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.07.027

Russo-Netzer, P., Icekson, T. (2020). Engaging with life: Synchronicity experiences as a pathway to meaning and personal growth. Current Psychology, 41, 597–610. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12144-019-00595-1

Sinclair, M. (2020). An introduction to intuition theory and practice: A summary and a research agenda. Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788979757.00006

Snowber, C. (2016). Embodied inquiry: Writing, living and being through the body. Springer.

Sweeting-Trotter, T. (2014). Mother of earth: mothering towards reciprocity in a patriarchal capitalist framework. [Doctoral dissertation, Saint Louis University].

Tafreshi, D., Khalil, N., & Racine, TP (2018). A qualitative person-oriented inquiry into women's perspectives on knowledge and knowing. Human Development, 61 (6), 337-362.

puzzle blocks spelling out the word theory

Published

2024-09-09

How to Cite

Payne, J. (2024). Synchronicity Learning Theory: Happenstance Learning Theory Re-envisioned . Canadian Journal of Career Development, 23(2), 48–68. https://doi.org/10.53379/cjcd.2024.391

Issue

Section

Articles