Career Decision-Making Difficulties of First-Year Students

Tracy Morgan (1) , David Ness (1)
(1) University of Manitoba, Canada

Abstract

First-year university students often experience career indecision and related career decision-making difficulties. Gati, Krausz, and Osipow (1996) developed a taxonomy for understanding the various difficulties contributing to career indecision. The focus of the current study was to examine their taxonomy with a Canadian sample of university students in relation to career decision-making self-efficacy, sex-role identification, and stage of identity development. Our results indicated a significant negative correlation between career decision-making difficulties and self-efficacy, which discriminated among degree of career indecision and whether or not students had changed their career plans since attending university. Also, there were some significant sex-role orientation and stage of identity differences for some of these variables. Implications for career counsellors are discussed.

Full text article

Generated from XML file

References

Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.

Belenky, M. F., Clinchy, B. M., Goldberger, N. R., & Tarule, J. M. (1997). Women’s ways of knowing: The development of self, voice, and mind. New York: Basic Books, Inc.

Bem, S. L. (1981). Bem sex-role inventory. Redwood City, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.

Bennion, L. D. & Adams, G. R. (1986). A revision of the Extended Version of the Objective Measure of Ego Identity Status: An identity instrument for use with late adolescents Journal of Adolescent Research, 1, 183-198.

Betz, N. E., Klein, K. L., & Taylor, K. M. (1996). Evaluation of a short form of the Career Decision Making Self-Efficacy Scale. Journal of Career Assessment, 4, 47-57.

Betz, N. & Voyten, K. (1997). Efficacy and outcome expectations influence career exploration and decidedness. The Career Development Quarterly, 46, 179-189.

Blustein, K. L. (1989). The role of goal instability and career self-efficacy in the career exploration process. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 35, 194-203.

Chickering, A. W., & Reisser, L. (1993). Education and identity (2nd ed.). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Dawson-Threat, J., & Huba, M. E. (1996). Choice of major and clarity of purpose among college seniors as a function of gender, type of major, and sex-role

identification. Journal of College Student Development, 37, 297-308.

Degen, G. & Ness, D. V. (2001). The relationship between university students’ career exploration behaviour and their career decision-making self-efficacy. Manuscript in preparation.

Erikson, E. H. (1968). Identity: Youth and crisis. New York: Norton.

Gati, I., Krausz, M., & Osipow, S. H. (1996). A taxonomy of difficulties in career decision- making. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 43, 510- 526.

Hackett, G. (1995). Self-efficacy in career choice and development. In A. Bandura (Ed.), Self-efficacy in changing societies (pp. 232-258). New York: Cambridge University Press.

Hackett, G., & Betz, N.E. (1992). Self efficacy perceptions and the career related choices of college students. In D. H. Schunk, & J. L. Meece (Eds.), Student perceptions in the classroom (pp. 229-246). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.

Hackett, G., & Betz, N. E. (1995). Self efficacy and career choice and development. In. J. E. Maddux (Ed.), Self-efficacy, adaptation, and adjustment: Theory, research, and application (pp. 249-280). New York: Plenum Press.

Jome, L. M., & Tokar, D. M. (1998). Dimensions of masculinity and major choice traditionality. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 52, 120- 134.

Knefelkamp, L. L. & Slepitza, R. (1976). A cognitive-developmental model of career development: An adaptation of the Perry scheme. The Counseling Psychologist, 6,

-58.

Lancaster, B. P., Rudolph, C. E., Perkins, T. S., & Patten, T. G. (1999). The reliability and validity of the Career Decision Difficulties Questionnaire. Journal of Career Assessment, 7, 393-413.

Marcia, J. E. (1966). Development and validation of ego identity status. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 3, 551-558.

Marcia, J. E. (1980). Identity in adolescence. In J. Adelson (Ed.), Handbook of adolescent psychology, (pp. 159-187). New York: Wiley.

Marsh, H. W., & Myers, M. (1986). Masculinity, femininity, and androgyny: A methodological and theoretical critique. Sex Roles, 14, 397-430.

Mazen, A. M., & Lemkau, J. P. (1990). Personality profiles of women in traditional and non-traditional occupations. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 37, 46-59.

Osipow, S. H. (1999). Assessing career indecision. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 55, 147-154.

Ricciardelli, L. A., & Williams, R. J. (1995). Desirable and undesirable gender traits in three behavioural domains. Sex Roles, 33, 637-655.

Spence, J. T. (1993). Gender-related traits and gender ideology: Evidence for a multifactorial theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 624-635

Super, D. E. (1990). A life-span, lifespace approach to career development. In D. Brown & L. Brooks (Eds.), Career choice and development: Applying contemporary theories to practice (pp. 197-261). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass/Pfeiffer.

Tokar, D. M., & Jome, L. M. (1998). Masculinity, vocational interests, and career choice traditionality: Evidence for a fully mediated model. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 45, 424-435.

Vondracek, F. W., Schulenberg, J., Skorikov, V., Gillespie, L. K., & Wahlheim, C. (1995). The relationship of identity status to career indecision during adolescence. Journal of Adolescence, 18, 17-29

Authors

Tracy Morgan
David Ness
Morgan, T., & Ness, D. . (2003). Career Decision-Making Difficulties of First-Year Students. Canadian Journal of Career Development, 2(1), 32–39. https://doi.org/10.82396/cjcd.v2i1.2970

Article Details